Contemporary Review on Recent Applications of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles as Nanotheranostic Non-viral Tools

Nanomaterials are known as chemically or biologically engineered materials having nanodimension of 1-100nm. These have been shown to exhibit various novel properties e.g. enhanced reactivity, greater sensing capability and improved mechanical strength. Various improved procedures are still under innovative considerations to enhance the potency, safety, and efficiency of chosen plasmid DNA vectors to be used as safe vector design to load desired protein and antibiotic resistance genes in the host for their site specific targeted delivery Previously, various improved nano-sized formulations and dispersions have been proposed for drug or gene delivery in major and various established pharmaceutical companies such as colloidal silver nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles and nanoscaffolds. Now these days, nonviral gene/drug therapy is well promising diagnostic and therapeutic modality for the treatment of various genetic, metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders. These nonviral nano-approaches has been found to be an excellent and safe alternative gene transfer vehicles to other popular viral vectors due to having significant favourable properties such as lack of immunogenicity, low toxicity and potential for tissue specificity and targeted drug delivery. Hence, these nonviral nano-clinical and genetic approaches have also been tested in preclinical studies and human clinical trials over the last decades and can be used as more advanced and improved nanotheranostic tools.